Active Passive Voice in Hindi – Rules, Chart, 10 Examples & Exercises Explained Clearly

Introduction: Active Passive Voice in Hindi

English Grammar सीखते समय एक topic ऐसा है जो Class 6 से लेकर competitive exams तक हर जगह पूछा जाता है — और वह है Voice (Active & Passive)।

बहुत से students को sentences बनाते समय यह confusion रहती है कि:

 He is wrote a letter.( wrong)
 The work has complete.( wrong)

ऐसी गलतियाँ इसलिए होती हैं क्योंकि Active Voice और Passive Voice का clear concept नहीं होता।

असल में Voice हमें यह बताता है कि sentence में:
 काम करने वाला (Subject) important है या
 काम सहने वाला (Object) important है।

अगर आप Hindi medium student हैं Active passive Voice in Hindi को आसान तरीके से समझना चाहते हैं, तो यह guide आपके लिए complete solution है।

What is voice?

Voice से पता चलता है कि sentence में काम करने वाला doer (कर्ता / subject) महत्वपूर्ण है या काम सहने वाला receiver (कर्म / object)।

English Grammar में Voice के दो प्रकार होते हैं:

1.  Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)
2.  Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)

1. Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)

जब sentence में subject खुद काम करता है और उसी को importance दी जाती है, तो वह Active Voice कहलाता है।

 Structure:

Subject + (Helping Verb) + Main Verb + Object

(Helping verb हर sentence में जरूरी नहीं होता)

Examples:

1. Ram writes a letter.
   राम एक पत्र लिखता है।
2. The hunter killed the lion.
   शिकारी ने शेर को मारा।

➡ यहाँ Subject (Ram, The hunter) काम कर रहा है।

2. Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)

जब sentence में object को importance दी जाती है और sentence object से शुरू होता है, तो वह Passive Voice कहलाता है।

 Structure:

Object + Helping Verb + V³ (Past Participle) + by + Subject

Examples:

1. A letter is written by Ram.
   एक पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा जाता है।
2. The lion was killed by the hunter.
   शेर को शिकारी द्वारा मारा गया।

➡ यहाँ Object (A letter, The lion) को importance दी गई है।

Active Passive Voice in Hindi के Rules

 Rule 1:

Active का Object → Passive का Subject बनता है।

 Rule 2:

Active का Subject → Passive में “by” के बाद आता है।

 Rule 3:

Main verb हमेशा V³ (Past Participle) में बदल जाती है।

 Rule 4:

Helping verb Tense के अनुसार बदलती है।

 Active Passive voice in Hindi(Subject-Object change Table

Active voice से Passive बनाते समय Subject और Object आपस में बदल जाते हैं और pronoun की form भी बदलती है।

Rule (Short):

Active का Subject → Passive में “by” के बाद Object form
Active का Object → Passive में Subject बनता है

Subject–Object Change Table

Reverse Understanding (Object → Subject)

Active Passive Voice in Hindi Examples

Examples

1.  Active: He writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by him.

2. Active: She helped me.

Passive: I was helped by hr.

 3.Active: Ram called Sita.

Passive: Sita was called by Ram.

Tense Chart of Active Passive Voice in Hindi

Helping Verb Chart (Active → Passive)

Active Passive Voice in Hindi (short Tricks)

1.Short trick: यदि Active Voice का sentence Indefinite part में हो,
तो Passive बनाते समय उसी tense के Continuous part की helping verb लगती है।

    1.Present Indefinite → Passive (uses Present Continuous helping verb)

Example 1:

Active: Ram eats mango.
Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Present Indefinite है → Continuous की helping verb = is
Step 3: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

Passive: Mango is eaten by Ram.

2. Past Indefinite → Passive (uses Past Continuous helping verb)

Example 1:

Active: Ram ate mango.
Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Past Indefinite है → Continuous की helping verb = was
Step 3: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

Passive: Mango was eaten by Ram.

3. Future Indefinite → Passive (uses Future Continuous helping verb)

Example 1:

Active: Ram will eat mango.
Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Future Indefinite है → Continuous की helping verb = will be
Step 3: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

Passive: Mango will be eaten by Ram.

2. Short Trick (Continuous → Passive)

यदि Active Voice का sentence Continuous Tense में हो,
तो Passive बनाते समय उसी tense की helping verb + being + V³ लगती है।

यानि:

1. Present Continuous → Passive

Active: Ram is eating mango.

Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Tense = Present Continuous → helping verb = is
Step 3: being लगाओ
Step 4: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

 Passive: Mango is being eaten by Ram.

2. Past Continuous → Passive

Active: Ram was eating mango.

Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Tense = Past Continuous → helping verb = was
Step 3: being लगाओ
Step 4: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

 Passive: Mango was being eaten by Ram.

1. He was opening the door.
   ➡ The door was being opened by him.

3. Future Continuous

Rule:
Future Continuous का Passive normally नहीं बनाया जाता।

 3.Short Trick (Perfect → Passive)

यदि Active Voice का sentence Perfect Tense में हो,
तो Passive बनाते समय उसी tense की helping verb + been + V³ लगती है।

1. Present Perfect → Passive

Active: Ram has eaten mango.

Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Tense = Present Perfect → helping verb = has
Step 3: been लगाओ
Step 4: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

 Passive: Mango has been eaten by Ram.

More Examples:

1. She has written a letter.
   ➡ A letter has been written by her.
2. They have cleaned the room.
   ➡ The room has been cleaned by them.

2. Past Perfect → Passive

Active: Ram had eaten mango.

Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Tense = Past Perfect → helping verb = had
Step 3: been लगाओ
Step 4: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

 Passive: Mango had been eaten by Ram.

More Examples:

1. She had written a letter.
   ➡ A letter had been written by her.
2. They had completed the work.
   ➡ The work had been completed by them.

3. Future Perfect → Passive

Active: Ram will have eaten mango.

Step 1: Object = mango
Step 2: Tense = Future Perfect → helping verb = will have
Step 3: been लगाओ
Step 4: Verb की 3rd form = eaten

 Passive: Mango will have been eaten by Ram.

More Examples:

1. She will have written a letter.
   ➡ A letter will have been written by her.
2. They will have finished the work.
   ➡ The work will have been finished by them.

Active Passive Voice in Hindi Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences का Passive Voice

Interrogative sentences दो प्रकार के होते हैं:

1.  Yes/No Type Questions
2.  WH-Word Type Questions

Type 1: Yes / No Type Interrogative Sentences

 पहचान:

• जिनका answer Yes या No में दिया जा सकता है
• जो इन words से शुरू होते हैं:

Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Do, Does, Did, Has, Have, Will, etc.

Examples:

• Does Ram write a letter?
• Did he break the glass?
• Is she cooking food?

Passive Rule (Yes/No Type)

 Structure:

Helping Verb + New Subject (Active का object) + V³ + by + Subject ?

 Examples:

1. Present Indefinite

Active: Does Ram write a letter?
Passive: Is a letter written by Ram?

2. Past Indefinite

Active:Did he kill the lion?
Passive: Was the lion killed by him?

3. Present Continuous

Active: Is she cooking food?
Passive: Is food being cooked by her?

4. Present Perfect

Active: Has Mohan completed the work?
Passive: Has the work been completed by Mohan?

5. Future

Active: Will the teacher teach the lesson?
Passive: Will the lesson be taught by the teacher?

Type 2: WH-Word Type Interrogative Sentences

 पहचान:

• जो इन words से शुरू होते हैं:

What, Who, Whom, Which, When, Where, Why, How

WH-Type भी दो तरह के होते हैं:

(A) जब WH-word = Object

(What, Which, Whom, Why, When, How, etc.)

➡ Passive में WH-word वही रहता है, बस sentence Passive में बदलता है।

 Structure:

WH-word + Helping Verb + New Subject + V³ + by + Subject ?

Examples:

Active: What did he write?
Passive: What was written by him?

Active: Which book did she buy?
Passive: Which book was bought by her?

Active:Why did Ram break the glass?
Passive:Why was the glass broken by Ram?

(B) जब WH-word = Subject (Who)

➡ Passive में “By whom” का प्रयोग होता है।

 Structure:

By whom + Helping Verb + Object + V³ ?

 Examples:

Active:Who wrote this letter?
Passive:By whom was this letter written?

Active:Who broke the window?
Passive:By whom was the window broken?

 Final Summary Table

Imperative Sentence की Passive Voice

Imperative Sentence क्या होता है ?

जिस sentence में:

• आदेश (Order)
• निवेदन (Request)
• सलाह (Advice)
• मनाही (Prohibition)

दिया जाए, उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं।

Examples:

• Open the door.
• Please help me.
• Do not waste time.
• Respect your teachers.

Imperative Sentence की पहचान

 आमतौर पर sentence की शुरुआत verb (V¹) से होती है
 Subject “You” छुपा होता है

Open the door.
= (You) open the door.

Rule: Imperative → Passive

 General Structure (Passive):

Let + Object + be + V³

या

Object + should be / must be + V³ (आदेश या मजबूरी में)

Type 1: Simple Order / Advice

Open the door.

Passive: Let the door be opened.

Write the letter.

Passive: Let the letter be written.

 Respect your teachers.

Passive:  Let your teachers be respected.

Type 2: Request / Polite Order (Please वाले)

Please help me.

Passive: You are requested to help me.

या

 Let me be helped.

Please give me a glass of water.

Passive: You are requested to give me a glass of water.
या
 Let me be given a glass of water.

Type 3: Negative Imperative (मनाही)

Do not touch the wire.

Passive:  Let the wire not be touched.

Do not waste time.

Passive: Let time not be wasted.

Type 4: Strong Order / Rule / Instruction

(यहाँ should be / must be भी लगता है)

Obey the rules.

Passive: The rules should be obeyed.
या
 The rules must be obeyed.

Follow the instructions.

Passive:  The instructions should be followed.

Rule 5: “Let + Object + Verb” वाले Sentences का Passive

 ऐसे sentences कौन से होते हैं?

कुछ sentences इस form में होते हैं:

Let + object + verb

जैसे:

• Let me go.
• Let him enter.
• Let her speak.
• Let the boy play.

इनका meaning होता है:

 किसी को कुछ करने की अनुमति देना (Allow / Permit)

उदाहरण:

Let me go. = Allow me to go. (मुझे जाने दो)

 Important Rule

जब Let = Allow / Permit के meaning में हो,
तो Passive बनाते समय structure होगा:

 Let + object + be allowed + to + verb
या
 Object + should be allowed + to + verb

Step-by-step Example

Active sentence:

Let me go.

Step 1: Meaning समझो:

Allow me to go.

Step 2: Passive बनाओ:

 Let me be allowed to go.
या
 I should be allowed to go.

 Common Mistake

 Let me be gone. → गलत
(इसका मतलब होता है: मुझे गायब हो जाने दो / मुझे चला हुआ रहने दो)

 सही:

 Let me be allowed to go.

 More Examples

1. Let him enter.

 Let him be allowed to enter.
 He should be allowed to enter.

2. Let her speak.

 Let her be allowed to speak.

3. Let the boy play.

 Let the boy be allowed to play.

4. Let them sit here.

 Let them be allowed to sit here.

 Note

 अगर sentence का meaning हो:

“किसी को कुछ करने की अनुमति देना”

तो Passive में हमेशा आएगा:

 be allowed to + verb

 हर “Let …” sentence का passive “Let … be + V³” नहीं होता।
 जब Let = Allow हो, तो:

 be allowed to + verb लगाना जरूरी है।

Rule 6: “People say / think / believe …” वाले Sentences का Passive

 ऐसे sentences कौन से होते हैं?

कुछ sentences इस pattern में होते हैं:

People say / think / believe / know / consider / report + that + sentence

Examples:

• People say that the earth is round.
• People believe that he is honest.
• People think that the Taj Mahal is beautiful.

इनमें People / They जैसे general subjects होते हैं, जिनका exact person पता नहीं होता।

ऐसे sentences का Passive दो तरीकों से बनता है

 Method 1: “It” से शुरू करके

 Structure:

It + is / was + V³ + that + sentence

Example:

Active:

People say that the earth is round.

Passive:

 It is said that the earth is round.

 Method 2: Real subject को आगे लाकर

Structure:

Real Subject + is / was + V³ + to + verb

Example:

Active:People say that the earth is round.

Passive:The earth is said to be round.

 Very Important Tense Rule

अगर that-clause में बात:

• Universal truth / always true हो (जैसे: earth is round, sun rises in the east)

तो Passive में भी:

 is / be ही रहेगा
 was / to have been नहीं आएगा

इसलिए:

 The earth is said to be round. (Correct)

 अगर reporting verb past में हो?

Example:

People said that he was a thief.

Passive: It was said that he was a thief.
 He was said to be a thief

 और Examples

1. People believe that he is honest.

It is believed that he is honest.
He is believed to be honest.

2. People think that the Taj Mahal is beautiful.

It is thought that the Taj Mahal is beautiful.
The Taj Mahal is thought to be beautiful.

3. People know that he is rich.

It is known that he is rich.
He is known to be rich.

4. People report that the train has arrived.

It is reported that the train has arrived.
The train is reported to have arrived.

Exam Trick

 अगर sentence ऐसा हो:

People say / think / believe + that + clause

तो Passive बनाइए:

 It is said that …
 OR Subject is said to …

FAQ  Questions – Active Passive Voice in Hindi

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