Clause in English Grammar in Hindi

Introduction

English Grammar सीखते समय हम अक्सर Sentence, Phrase और Clause जैसे शब्द सुनते हैं। बहुत से students को Clause और Phrase में confusion रहता है।

लेकिन सच यह है कि अगर आप Clause को अच्छे से समझ लेते हैं, तो:

• Sentence structure समझना आसान हो जाता है
• Complex और long sentences बनाना आसान हो जाता है
• Narration, Voice, Tense, Sentence structure सब easy लगने लगता है

इस post में हम सीखेंगे:

• Clause क्या होता है?
• Clause कैसे पहचानें?
• Clause के प्रकार (Types of Clause)
• Noun Clause, Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause
• Clause और Phrase में difference
• MCQ on Noun Clause, Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause

Clause क्या होता है? What is clause?

Definition:

A Clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and forms part of a sentence or a complete sentence.

 सरल शब्दों में:

Clause शब्दों का ऐसा समूह होता है जिसमें Subject + Verb दोनों होते हैं।

How to identify a Clause?

अगर किसी group of words में:

• कोई Subject हो
• और कोई Verb हो

तो वह Clause है।

Examples:

1. He is honest.
   → This is a clause (Subject = He, Verb = is)
2. I know that he is honest.
   → This sentence has two clauses:

• I know (Main Clause)
• that he is honest (Subordinate Clause)

What is a Phrase?

A Phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject and a verb.

सरल शब्दों में:

Phrase = शब्दों का समूह, लेकिन उसमें Subject + Verb नहीं होता।

Examples of Phrase:

• in the room
• after the match
• very beautiful
• a bunch of flowers

Types of Clause (Clause के प्रकार)

Clause के मुख्य रूप से दो प्रकार होते हैं:

1. Main Clause / Independent Clause
2. Subordinate Clause / Dependent Clause

1. Main Clause (Independent Clause)

Definition:

A Main Clause is a clause that can stand alone and gives complete meaning.

सरल शब्दों में:

जो clause अकेले खड़ा होकर पूरा meaning दे, उसे Main Clause कहते हैं।

Examples:

• He works hard.
• She is sleeping.
• I am sure.

2. Subordinate Clause (Dependent Clause)

Definition:

A Subordinate Clause cannot stand alone and depends on the main clause.

सरल शब्दों में:

जो clause अकेले पूरा meaning नहीं देता और Main Clause पर depend करता है, उसे Subordinate Clause कहते हैं।

Examples in sentences:

• I know that he is honest.
• He did not come because he was ill.
• I will call you when I reach home.

यहाँ

that he is honest.

because he was ill.

when I reach home.

Subordinate Clause हैं क्यों की ये तीनो पूर्ण अर्थ नहीं दे रहे है |

Types of Subordinate Clause

Subordinate Clause के तीन प्रकार होते हैं:

1. Noun Clause
2. Adjective Clause
3. Adverb Clause

Noun Clause

Noun Clause एक Subordinate Clause होता है जो sentence में noun का काम करता है।
यानि Noun Clause sentence में:

1. Subject बन सकता है
2. Object बन सकता है
3. Complement बन सकता है

 1. Noun Clause as a Subject

Definition:

जब एक Noun clause  वाक्य की शुरुआत में आता है और subject के रूप में काम करता  है, तो इसे subject as a noun कहा जाता है।

पहचान कैसे करें?

पूरे sentence में पूछिए:
 What / Who + verb ?
जो answer clause के रूप में आए → वही subject है।

Examples:

1. That he is honest is known to everyone.
   (जो सबको पता है? → that he is honest)
2. What he said is true.
   (क्या true है? → what he said)
3. How he solved the problem surprised me.
   (क्या चीज़ ने surprise किया? → how he solved the problem)
4. Why he left the job is not known.
   (क्या नहीं पता? → why he left the job)

 2. Noun Clause as an Object

Definition:

जब Noun clause एक क्रिया के बाद आता है और क्या? या किसका?, प्रश्न का उत्तर देता  है तो इसे Noun Clause as an Object कहा जाता है।

Examples:

1. I know that he is honest.
   (मैं क्या जानता हूँ? → that he is honest)
2. He said that he was tired.
   (उसने क्या कहा? → that he was tired)
3. Tell me what you want.
   (मुझे क्या बताओ? → what you want)
4. She does not understand why he is angry.
   (वह क्या नहीं समझती? → why he is angry)

पहचान कैसे करें?

Verb के बाद पूछिए:

 Verb + what? / whom?
अगर answer clause में आए → वह Object Noun Clause है।

Subject vs Object Noun Clause (Difference Table)

Adjective Clause

What is an Adjective Clause?

An Adjective Clause is a clause that describes a noun or pronoun.

Adjective Clause एक clause है जो संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का वर्णन करता है।

सरल शब्दों में:

जो clause किसी Noun या Pronoun की quality, पहचान या जानकारी बताए, उसे Adjective Clause कहते हैं।

जैसे Adjective एक noun की description देता है, वैसे ही Adjective Clause भी noun की description देता है।

 पहचान कैसे करें? (How to Identify an Adjective Clause)

Adjective Clause:

 हमेशा किसी noun के बाद आता है
 उस noun के बारे में extra information देता है
 अक्सर इन words से शुरू होता है:

• who
• which
• that
• whom
• whose
• where
• when

  Examples

1. This is the boy who helped me.
   (कौन सा लड़का? → who helped me)
2. I like the book which you gave me.
   (कौन सी किताब? → which you gave me)
3. The man who is standing there is my uncle.
   (कौन सा आदमी? → who is standing there)
4. This is the house where I was born.
   (कौन सा घर? → where I was born)

Trick to Find Adjective Clause

Noun से सवाल पूछिए:

 Which one? / What kind of? / Which person?

अगर answer clause के रूप में आए → वह Adjective Clause है।

 Examples

1. I met a girl who sings very well.
   (who sings very well = लड़की के बारे में बता रहा है)
2. This is the pen that I bought yesterday.
   (that I bought yesterday = pen की information)
3. The teacher whose son won the prize is very happy.
   (whose son won the prize = teacher की information)
4. I know the place where he lives.
   (where he lives = place की information)

 Adjective Clause vs Adjective (Difference)

Adverb Clause

What is an Adverb Clause?

An Adverb Clause is a clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb and tells us about time, reason, condition, place, purpose, result, etc.

सरल शब्दों में:

जो clause कब, क्यों, कैसे, कहाँ, किस शर्त पर आदि बताए, उसे Adverb Clause कहते हैं।

जैसे एक Adverb verb की information देता है, वैसे ही Adverb Clause भी verb की information देता है।

 पहचान कैसे करें? (How to Identify an Adverb Clause)

Verb से सवाल पूछिए:

 When? (कब?)
 Why? (क्यों?)
 How? (कैसे?)
 Where? (कहाँ?)
Under what condition? (किस शर्त पर?)

अगर answer clause के रूप में आए → वह Adverb Clause है।

 Examples

1. I will come when you call me.
   (कब आऊँगा? → when you call me = Adverb Clause of Time)
2. He did not come because he was ill.
   (क्यों नहीं आया? → because he was ill = Reason)
3. If you work hard, you will pass.
   (किस शर्त पर pass होगा? → If you work hard = Condition)
4. He works as if he were mad.
   (कैसे काम करता है? → as if he were mad = Manner)

 Adverb vs Adverb Clause

MCQs on Clause (Noun, Adjective & Adverb)

Q1. Identify the Noun Clause in the sentence:

I know what he wants.
A) I know
B) what he wants
C) he wants
D) I know what

 Answer: B) what he wants

Q2. In the sentence: What he said is true.

The clause “What he said” is:
A) Adjective Clause
B) Adverb Clause
C) Noun Clause (Subject)
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Noun Clause (Subject)

Q3. Identify the Adjective Clause:

This is the boy who helped me.
A) This is the boy
B) who helped me
C) helped me
D) the boy

 Answer: B) who helped me

Q4. In the sentence: He did not come because he was ill.

“because he was ill” is:
A) Noun Clause
B) Adjective Clause
C) Adverb Clause (Reason)
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Adverb Clause (Reason)

Q5. Which of the following is a Noun Clause as Object?

1. A) What he said is true.
   B) I know what he said.
   C) This is the boy who won.
   D) He came when I called him.

 Answer: B) I know what he said.

Q6. Identify the type of clause:

I will come when you call me.
A) Noun Clause
B) Adjective Clause
C) Adverb Clause (Time)
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Adverb Clause (Time)

Q7. In the sentence: The man who is honest is respected.

The clause “who is honest” is:
A) Noun Clause
B) Adverb Clause
C) Adjective Clause
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Adjective Clause

Q8. Which sentence contains a Noun Clause as Subject?

1. A) I know that he is honest.
   B) This is the boy who helped me.
   C) That he is honest is known to all.
   D) He did not come because he was ill.

 Answer: C) That he is honest is known to all.

Q9. Identify the clause type:

He works hard so that he may pass.
A) Noun Clause
B) Adjective Clause
C) Adverb Clause (Purpose)
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Adverb Clause (Purpose)

Q10. In the sentence: Tell me what you want.

“What you want” is:
A) Noun Clause (Object)
B) Noun Clause (Subject)
C) Adjective Clause
D) Adverb Clause

 Answer: A) Noun Clause (Object)

Q11. Identify the Adverb Clause:

If you work hard, you will pass.
A) you will pass
B) If you work hard
C) work hard
D) you will

 Answer: B) If you work hard

Q12. Which of the following is an Adjective Clause?

1. A) because he was ill
   B) when I reached home
   C) who won the prize
   D) what he said

 Answer: C) who won the prize

Q13. Identify the type of clause:

I am sure that he will pass.
A) Adjective Clause
B) Adverb Clause
C) Noun Clause
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Noun Clause

Q14. In the sentence: This is the place where Gandhiji was born.

“where Gandhiji was born” is:
A) Noun Clause
B) Adjective Clause
C) Adverb Clause
D) Main Clause

 Answer: B) Adjective Clause

Q15. Identify the clause type:

He is so weak that he cannot walk.
A) Noun Clause
B) Adjective Clause
C) Adverb Clause (Result)
D) Main Clause

 Answer: C) Adverb Clause (Result)

Conclusion : Clause in English Grammar

अगर आप English Grammar में strong होना चाहते हैं, तो Clause को अच्छे से समझना बहुत जरूरी है। यह topic Sentence, Phrase, Narration, Voice, Tense सबका base है।

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